Cheatsheet#
Laravel is a free, open-source PHP web framework created by Taylor Otwell in 2011. It follows the model-view-controller (MVC) architectural pattern and aims to make the development process more enjoyable for developers by simplifying common tasks used in many web projects.
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Routing and Controllers
// routes/web.php
use App\Http\Controllers\UserController;
// Basic routes
Route::get('/', function () {
return view('welcome');
});
// Route with parameters
Route::get('/user/{id}', function ($id) {
return 'User '.$id;
});
// Controller routes
Route::get('/users', [UserController::class, 'index']);
Route::resource('posts', PostController::class);
// Route groups
Route::middleware(['auth'])->group(function () {
Route::get('/dashboard', function () {
return view('dashboard');
});
});
// Route with name
Route::get('/profile', function () {
return view('profile');
})->name('profile');
// Controller class
class UserController extends Controller
{
public function index()
{
$users = User::all();
return view('users.index', compact('users'));
}
public function show(User $user)
{
return view('users.show', compact('user'));
}
}
Eloquent ORM and Database
// Model definition
class User extends Model
{
protected $fillable = ['name', 'email', 'password'];
// Relationships
public function posts()
{
return $this->hasMany(Post::class);
}
public function profile()
{
return $this->hasOne(Profile::class);
}
}
// Database queries
// Basic CRUD
$user = User::create([
'name' => 'John Doe',
'email' => 'john@example.com'
]);
$users = User::where('active', true)->get();
$user = User::find(1);
$user->update(['name' => 'Jane Doe']);
$user->delete();
// Advanced queries
$users = User::where('votes', '>', 100)
->orWhere('name', 'John')
->orderBy('name', 'desc')
->take(10)
->get();
// Relationships
$user->posts()->create([
'title' => 'My Post'
]);
// Eager loading
$users = User::with('posts')->get();
Blade Templates
// resources/views/layout.blade.php
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>@yield('title')</title>
</head>
<body>
@include('partials.header')
@yield('content')
@include('partials.footer')
</body>
</html>
// resources/views/home.blade.php
@extends('layout')
@section('title', 'Home Page')
@section('content')
@if(auth()->check())
<h1>Welcome, {{ auth()->user()->name }}</h1>
@endif
@foreach($posts as $post)
<div class="post">
<h2>{{ $post->title }}</h2>
<p>{{ $post->content }}</p>
</div>
@endforeach
@forelse($comments as $comment)
<p>{{ $comment->body }}</p>
@empty
<p>No comments found.</p>
@endforelse
@component('components.alert')
@slot('title')
Alert Title
@endslot
<strong>Alert content here</strong>
@endcomponent
</body>
</html>
Authentication and Authorization
// Authentication
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Auth;
// Login
if (Auth::attempt(['email' => $email, 'password' => $password])) {
return redirect()->intended('dashboard');
}
// Logout
Auth::logout();
// Get authenticated user
$user = Auth::user();
// Authorization (Policies)
class PostPolicy
{
public function update(User $user, Post $post)
{
return $user->id === $post->user_id;
}
}
// Using policies
if ($user->can('update', $post)) {
//
}
// Gates
Gate::define('admin', function (User $user) {
return $user->is_admin;
});
// Middleware
Route::middleware(['auth'])->group(function () {
// Protected routes
});
Form Validation
// Controller validation
public function store(Request $request)
{
$validated = $request->validate([
'title' => 'required|unique:posts|max:255',
'body' => 'required',
'email' => 'required|email',
'age' => 'required|numeric|min:18',
]);
// Create post with validated data
Post::create($validated);
}
// Form Request Validation
class StorePostRequest extends FormRequest
{
public function rules()
{
return [
'title' => 'required|unique:posts|max:255',
'body' => 'required',
];
}
public function messages()
{
return [
'title.required' => 'A title is required',
'body.required' => 'A message is required',
];
}
}
// Using custom request in controller
public function store(StorePostRequest $request)
{
$validated = $request->validated();
// Store the post
}
API Development
// routes/api.php
Route::middleware('auth:sanctum')->group(function () {
Route::get('/user', function (Request $request) {
return $request->user();
});
Route::apiResource('posts', PostController::class);
});
// API Controller
class PostController extends Controller
{
public function index()
{
return PostResource::collection(Post::paginate());
}
public function store(Request $request)
{
$validated = $request->validate([
'title' => 'required',
'content' => 'required',
]);
$post = Post::create($validated);
return new PostResource($post);
}
}
// API Resource
class PostResource extends JsonResource
{
public function toArray($request)
{
return [
'id' => $this->id,
'title' => $this->title,
'content' => $this->content,
'created_at' => $this->created_at->toDateTimeString(),
];
}
}
Events and Listeners
// Event class
class OrderShipped extends Event
{
public $order;
public function __construct(Order $order)
{
$this->order = $order;
}
}
// Listener class
class SendShipmentNotification
{
public function handle(OrderShipped $event)
{
// Send notification logic
}
}
// EventServiceProvider
protected $listen = [
OrderShipped::class => [
SendShipmentNotification::class,
],
];
// Dispatching events
event(new OrderShipped($order));
// Or
OrderShipped::dispatch($order);
Queue Jobs
// Job class
class ProcessPodcast implements ShouldQueue
{
use Dispatchable, InteractsWithQueue, Queueable, SerializesModels;
private $podcast;
public function __construct(Podcast $podcast)
{
$this->podcast = $podcast;
}
public function handle()
{
// Process the podcast
}
}
// Dispatching jobs
ProcessPodcast::dispatch($podcast);
// Or with delay
ProcessPodcast::dispatch($podcast)->delay(now()->addMinutes(10));
// Job chaining
ProcessPodcast::withChain([
new OptimizePodcast,
new ReleasePodcast
])->dispatch();
Testing
// Feature test
class PostTest extends TestCase
{
use RefreshDatabase;
public function test_user_can_create_post()
{
$user = User::factory()->create();
$response = $this->actingAs($user)->post('/posts', [
'title' => 'Test Post',
'content' => 'Test Content'
]);
$response->assertStatus(201);
$this->assertDatabaseHas('posts', [
'title' => 'Test Post'
]);
}
}
// Unit test
class UserTest extends TestCase
{
public function test_user_has_full_name_attribute()
{
$user = User::factory()->create([
'first_name' => 'John',
'last_name' => 'Doe'
]);
$this->assertEquals('John Doe', $user->full_name);
}
}
Artisan Commands
// Custom command
class SendEmails extends Command
{
protected $signature = 'mail:send {user} {--queue}';
protected $description = 'Send emails to users';
public function handle()
{
$userId = $this->argument('user');
$queue = $this->option('queue');
// Command logic
}
}
// Common Artisan commands
php artisan list # List commands
php artisan make:model Post -mc # Create model with migration and controller
php artisan make:controller PostController --resource # Resource controller
php artisan migrate # Run migrations
php artisan db:seed # Run seeders
php artisan queue:work # Start queue worker
php artisan cache:clear # Clear cache
php artisan route:list # List routes
php artisan serve # Start development server
Pro Tips
Use Laravel Sail for Docker development environment
Implement repository pattern for large applications
Use Laravel Telescope for debugging
Implement proper error handling and logging
Use Laravel Sanctum for API authentication
Implement proper caching strategy
Use Laravel Scout for full-text search
Write comprehensive tests
Use Laravel Horizon for queue monitoring
Implement proper security measures
Use Laravel Mix for asset compilation
Keep controllers thin and use service classes
Links#
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